Key Summary
Bathroom zones define which electrical items can be safely installed based on their distance from water sources.
Zone 0, Zone 1, and Zone 2 each require specific IP ratings and voltage limits to ensure safety.
Light fittings, extractor fans, showers, and towel rails must meet minimum IP ratings depending on the zone.
Standard sockets are only permitted outside the zones, at least 3 metres from the bath or shower.
UK regulations like Part P and BS 7671 make it a legal requirement to use qualified electricians for bathroom electrics.
Choosing the correct products and following bathroom zones regulations helps prevent electric shocks and ensures compliance.
Bathroom zones are specific areas within a bathroom that help determine which electrical equipment is safe to use in each part, based on proximity to water. These zones are designed to reduce the risk of electric shock and ensure compliance with strict UK safety standards. Whether you're planning a bathroom renovation or simply updating a light fitting, knowing these zones – and the rules that apply to each – is vital for both safety and legal compliance.
What Are Bathroom Zones?
Bathroom electrical zones explained: Bathroom zones are defined sections around sources of water, used to determine the type of electrical installations permitted in each. The closer you are to water, the stricter the regulations.
These zones exist to help electricians and homeowners know what types of electrical fixtures can be safely installed, based on their Ingress Protection (IP) rating – a measure of how well an item is sealed against water and dust.
There are four main zones:
Zone 0 – Inside the bath or shower basin
Zone 1 – Directly above the bath or shower up to 2.25m
Zone 2 – Extends 0.6m horizontally beyond the bath or shower edge
Outside zones – Anywhere else not covered by Zones 0, 1, or 2
These zones directly impact what lights, fans, heaters, and sockets you can install and which IP ratings they must meet to ensure electrical safety.
Summary of Bathroom Zones
The IP rating is key. The first number indicates protection against solids, the second against moisture. For example, IP44 bathroom lights are splashproof and typically used in Zone 2 or outside zones.
Where Can Electrical Items Be Installed in a Bathroom?
Let’s break down where common bathroom items can be placed safely and legally, according to bathroom zones regulations UK.
Can I put a downlight above the shower? Yes- but only if it's IP65 rated and installed by a qualified electrician.
Light Fittings
Zone 0: Lights must be low-voltage (max 12V SELV) and rated IP67 or above.
Zone 1: Must be IPX4 minimum (splashproof). If water jets are used (e.g., body jets), IPX5 is required.
Zone 2: IPX4 minimum. Common choice: IP44 bathroom lights.
Outside Zones: No IP rating required, but IP20+ is advised for steam-heavy rooms.
Extractor Fans
Extractor fans need careful placement:
Zone 1: Requires IPX4 or higher. Mains voltage allowed only if protected by RCD.
Zone 2: IPX4 minimum. SELV or RCD-protected 230V permitted.
Outside zones: Standard fans may be used, but higher IP ratings ensure durability in humid rooms.
Shaver Sockets
Shaver sockets are typically allowed outside Zones 0, 1, and 2.
Must be isolated with a transformer (to meet SELV requirements).
Avoid placing directly next to basins unless outside zones.
Electric Showers
Installed in Zone 1, so must have a minimum IPX4 rating.
A separate circuit with RCD protection is mandatory.
Must be installed by a Part P-certified electrician.
Towel Rails or Radiators
Heated towel rails can be installed in Zone 1 or Zone 2, depending on their IP rating.
IPX4 is required in both zones.
Must be RCD protected and correctly earthed.
Sockets and Switches
Where can I put a socket in a bathroom?
Standard 13A sockets are not allowed in Zones 0, 1 or 2.
They are only permitted 3 metres or more from the bath or shower, which usually means outside all zones.
A shaver socket (isolated) is the only exception within the bathroom zones.
Planning a bathroom upgrade?
Use our qualified electricians to safely install your fittings.
👉 See how we can help
Bathroom Zones and UK Regulations
When dealing with electricity in a wet environment, compliance isn’t just about safety- it’s a legal requirement.
Part P of the Building Regulations
Part P bathroom regulations state that all electrical work in bathrooms must comply with safety standards. Any additions or alterations must be carried out by a Part P registered electrician. DIY work is not permitted unless signed off by Building Control, which is rarely practical.
BS 7671 Wiring Regulations (18th Edition)
The IET Wiring Regulations (BS 7671) set the rules around:
Bathroom zoning
Suitable protection (e.g. RCDs)
Correct cable installation
Maximum voltage levels per zone
Electricians must follow these standards for legal and insurance purposes.
Hire a Qualified Electrician
Electrical safety in bathrooms is not a DIY project. Between the strict zoning rules and the life-threatening risks of water and electricity, it’s essential that a qualified professional handles all installations, wiring, and fittings.
FAQs About Bathroom Zones
What is Zone 3 in a bathroom?
The concept of Zone 3 has been removed from current UK wiring regulations. Instead, the updated standard refers simply to outside zones- areas beyond Zones 0, 1, and 2 where standard electrical equipment may be allowed.
Can I put a socket next to the sink?
Only if it’s more than 3 metres from the bath or shower. The sink itself doesn’t define a zone, but water proximity is still risky. It’s safest to avoid sockets near sinks altogether.
Do I need an IP65 light in the bathroom?
Only if you're installing in Zone 1, directly above a shower or bath. For other areas, IPX4 or IP44 is sufficient, however, IP65 is a good choice for durability in steam-heavy rooms.
Can I put a downlight above the shower?
Yes, but only if it’s IP65 rated and compliant with Zone 1 regulations. A fire-rated, sealed LED downlight is usually recommended for this purpose.
What does IP44 mean?
IP44 means the fitting is protected against solid objects >1mm and splashing water from all directions. It’s a common rating for bathroom light fitting zones, especially Zone 2 and outside zones.
Conclusion
Understanding zones for bathrooms is vital for planning safe, compliant electrical installations. When it comes to bathroom wiring regulations UK, always follow the standards set out in BS 7671 and Part P. Cutting corners isn’t just dangerous- it’s illegal.
Each zone has specific IP rating and voltage requirements, and all electrical work should be carried out by a qualified professional to ensure full compliance and safety.
Stay safe, stay compliant- book a trusted electrician for your bathroom project. Contact us today to start the process.
